Carcinogenic risk associated with soil pollution for urban population health

Introduction. Creating a comfortable urban environment includes the absence of a threat to the environment and population health. By accumulating pollutants, soil in urban ecosystems protects adjacent environments from pollution, but if the pollution reaches high level the soil itself becomes a source of danger.

Material and methods. In this work the assessment of the risk for public health associated with urban soils pollution for the cities Kolchugino, Vladimir Region and Dubna, Moscow Region, whose soils significantly different of heavy metal (HM) level pollution was executed in accordance with R 2.1.10.1920–04. 

Risk calculations were carried out on the base of the actual data of heavy metals concentrations in the soil, and also the data of predicted levels soil pollution (after 50 and 100 years). 

Results. Carcinogenic risk for the health of adult population in the cities Kolchugino and Dubna with peroral intake of heavy metals both now and if the level pollution will be changed as a result of the atmospheric emission pollutants during the calculated period (50, 100 years were characterized as a minimum (De minimis) risk. Risk for population health with inhalation of heavy metals was characterized as an average level on the 25% of Dubna territories. 

The total carcinogenic risk for the health of adult population in the course of heavy metals soil pollution on the whole territory in the city Kolchugino and in 47% of cases in the city Dubna were characterized above an acceptable level. If the current level of aerogenic pollutants is maintained, the area of cities with an unacceptable level of risk will be increase.

Limitations. The paper assesses the carcinogenic risk as the probability of developing the most socially significant adverse effect of the environmental impact on health.

Conclusion. It is necessary to carry out measures for the remediation of soils in the city Kolchugino Vladimir Region and reduce the flow of pollutants into the soils of the cities Kolchugino and Dubna.

Compliance with ethical standards. The Local ethics committee of the North-West Public Health Research Center approved this study carried out under the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Experiments or Other Scientific Purposes (ETS N 123), Directive of the European Parliament and Council of the European Union 2010/63/EU of 22.09.2010 on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.

Contribution:
Kamanina I.Z. — the concept of the study, collection material and data processing, statistical processing, writing a text, editing;
Kaplina S.P. — statistical data processing, data description and analysis, writing a text;
Makarov O.A. — the concept of the study, writing a text, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.

Received: January 31, 2022 / Accepted: March 24, 2023 / Published: April 20, 2023